Drilling into steel is a task all metalworkers must do at some point, whether it’s for drilling a hole in a fence post, fixing a car, or making a metal sculpture. Choosing and using the right drill bit for steel requires a bit of knowledge and preparation.
First, let’s talk about the types of drill bits available for steel drilling. There are three basic types: high-speed steel HSS, cobalt, and carbide.
HSS drill bits for steel are the most commonly used type. They are durable, versatile, and best for drilling through softer metals. They can also be used on wood and plastics.
Cobalt drill bits contain a higher percentage of cobalt, making them more durable and heat-resistant than HSS bits. They are ideal for drilling through harder metals, such as stainless steel. They can, however, be brittle and break more easily than HSS bits.
Carbide drill bits for steel are the most expensive type but also the most durable. They are designed to drill through the hardest metals, including hardened steel and titanium. They are best for industrial applications where precision and durability are essential.
Once you have selected the appropriate type of drill bit for your task, you need to choose the correct size for your project. The size diameter of the hole you need to drill will determine which size of bit to use. Be sure to measure the diameter of the hole you need to drill precisely.
It is essential to keep your drill bits sharp when drilling through steel. Dull bits can cause your drill to slip or wander and make an incorrect or uneven hole, ruining your project. It can also increase the chances of a broken bit or overheating your drill. Dull bits can be sharpened using a sharpening stone or a specialized drill bit sharpener.
When drilling through steel, it is crucial to go slowly and steadily. This ensures that the bit will not overheat, which can melt the steel and ruin your project. Overheating can also cause blunting or damaging your bit, which could lead to reduced lifespan or breaking of the bit.
Before starting to drill, mark the point where you need the hole with a center punch. This will help you start the hole precisely, preventing your drill bit from wandering and making a deep screw hole that can cause the drill to walk. Hitting the punch with a hammer will also help you create a starting divot. This will make sure you start at the right spot and help hold your bit steady.
It is tempting to use an inexpensive drill bit for steel and switch to a higher quality bit once you start drilling, but this is not recommended. It is easier to begin with the highest quality bit you can afford as this will reduce the chances of the bit’s tip being damaged or breaking.
It’s also important to keep your bit’s tip within the material for as long as possible, as this will prevent the bit from walking or wandering off course, creating a vent hole. It will also help reduce the amount of force you need to apply to the drill as you work the steel. Applying too much force when drilling can cause the bit to overheat, leading to blunting or breaking of the bit.
Choosing the right drill bits for steel and using them appropriately will help you achieve excellent results when drilling through metal. Proper selection of tool type, diameter, and sharpness are essential aspects that you should consider before drilling. Always make sure to take your time and drill slowly, ensuring the quality of your project and the safety of you and your tools.
